(Fairchild) C-119 Flying Boxcar @·AIRCRAFTUBE

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Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcar

The Fairchild C-119 (Navy designation R4Q) was a U.S. military transport aircraft developed from the World War II Fairchild C-82 Packet, designed to carry cargo, personnel, litter patients, and mechanized equipment, and to drop cargo and troops by parachute. The first C-119 made its initial flight in November 1947, and by the time production ceased in 1955, more than 1,100 C-119s had been built. Its cargo hauling ability earned it the nickname "Flying Boxcar".

The Air Force C-119 and Navy R4Q was initially a redesign of the earlier Fairchild C-82 Packet, built between 1945 and 1948. The Packet provided service to the Air Force's Tactical Air Command and Military Air Transport Service for nearly nine years during which time its design was found to have several serious problems. All of these were to be addressed in the C-119.

In contrast to the C-82, the cockpit was moved forward to fit flush with the nose rather than its previous location over the cargo compartment. This resulted in more usable cargo space and larger loads than the C-82 could accommodate. The C-119 also featured more powerful engines, and a wider and stronger airframe. The first C-119 prototype (called the XC-82B) first flew in November 1947, with deliveries of C-119B's from Fairchild's Hagerstown, Maryland factory beginning in December 1949.

In 1951 Henry J. Kaiser was awarded a contract to assemble additional C-119's at the Kaiser-Fraiser automotive factory located in the former B-24 Liberator plant at Willow Run Airport in Romulus, Michigan. Initially, the Kaiser-built C-119F would differ from the Fairchild aircraft by the use of Wright R-3350-85 Cyclone engines in place of Fairchild's use of the Pratt & Whitney R-4360 radial engine. The Wright engine was a proven design used previously on the B-29, and though it lacked the R-4360's superchargers it proved to be virtually identical in performance, and possibly superior at higher altitudes. Kaiser would build 71 C-119's at Willow Run in 1952 and 1953 before converting the factory for a planned production of the Chase C-123 that would never occur. The Kaiser sub-contract was frowned upon by Fairchild, and efforts were made through political channels to stop Kaiser's production, which may have proven successful. Following Kaiser's termination of C-119 production the contract for the C-123 was instead awarded to Fairchild. Most Kaiser-built aircraft were eventually turned over to the South Vietnamese Air Force.

The AC-119G "Shadow" variant was fitted with four six-barrel 7.62 mm mini-guns, armor plating, flare-launchers, and night-capable infrared equipment. Like the AC-130 it would be a potent weapon. The AC-119 was made more deadly by the introduction of the AC-119K "Stinger", which featured the addition of two 20 mm cannon, improved avionics, and two underwing-mounted J-85-GE-17 turbojet engines, adding nearly 6,000 lbf of thrust.

Other major variants included the EC-119J, used for satellite tracking, and the YC-119H Skyvan, with larger wings and tail. Another variant is the "Jet-Pack" version, which incorporates a 3,400 lbf Westinghouse J34 turbojet engine in a nacelle above the fuselage.

Production

Number Built: 1183 consisting of 1112 built by Fairchild and 71 built by Kaiser-Frazer Corp. Two additional airframes were built by Fairchild for static tests.

Operational history

The aircraft saw extensive action during the Korean War as a troop and equipment transport. In July 1950, four C-119s were sent to FEAF for service tests. Two months later, the C-119 deployed with the 314th Troop Carrier Group and served in Korea throughout the war.

The USAF Strategic Air Command had C-119 Flying Boxcars in service from 1955 - 1973.

The C-119s saw service with the 456th Troop Carrier Wing which was attached to the Strategic Air Command from 25 April 1955 to 26 May 1956. The C-119s performed aerial recovery of high altitude balloon-borne instrument packages. C-119s also performed several aerial recoveries of film-return capsules during the early years of the Corona spy satellite program.

The C-119 would go on to see extensive service in Vietnam, beginning in 1954 with aircraft secretly loaned by the CIA to French forces for troop support. These aircraft were generally flown in French markings by American CIA pilots often accompanied by French officers and support staff. The C-119 was to play a major role during the siege at Dien Bien Phu, where they flew into increasingly heavy fire while dropping supplies to the besieged French forces.

After its retirement from active duty, many C-119s and R4Q's soldiered on in the US Navy, Air Force Reserve and Air National Guard until the mid-1970s, and until recently they were still in use by the Taiwanese Air Force. The last military use of the C-119 by the United States ended in 1974 when a single squadron of Navy R4Qs based at Selfridge ANG Base near Detroit, Michigan, and two squadrons based at Naval Air Station Long Beach, California replaced their R4Qs with newer aircraft.

Many were provided to other nations as part of the Military Assistance Program, including Belgium, Brazil, Ethiopia, India, Italy, Nationalist China, and as previously mentioned, South Vietnam. The type was also used by the Royal Canadian Air Force, and by the United States Navy and United States Marine Corps under the designation R4Q.

Civilian use

A number of aircraft were acquired by companies who were contracted by the U.S. Forest Service (USFS) and the Bureau of Land Management to provide airtankers for fighting wildfires. Others were pressed into civilian cargo service. After a series of crashes, the age and safety of the aircraft being used as airtankers became a serious concern, and the U.S. C-119 airtanker fleet was permanently grounded in 1987. Many of these aircraft wound up being provided to museums across the U.S. in a complicated - and ultimately illegal - scheme where stored USAF Lockheed C-130A Hercules transports and Navy P-3 Orion anti-submarine patrol aircraft were provided to the contractors in exchange for the C-119s.

Operators

Belgium, Brazil, Royal Canadian Air Force, Republic of China, Ethiopia, France: Loaned from USA, India, Italy, South Vietnam, United States: USAF, US Navy, US Marines, Air National Guard.

Variants

  • XC-119A : The XC-82B modified to production standards, later became C-119A, then EC-119A as an electronics test bed.
  • C-119B : Production variant with two R-4360-30 engines, 55 built.
  • C-119C : As C-119B with dorsal fins added and tailplane extensions removed, 303 built.
  • YC-119D : Project for a version with three-wheeled landing gear and removable pod, was designated XC-128A, none built.
  • YC-119E : Project for a version of the 119D with two R-3350 engines, was designated XC-128B, none built.
  • YC-119F : One C-119C modified with two R-3350-85 engines.
  • C-119F : Production variant, 256 built for the USAF and RCAF.
  • C-119G : As C-119F with different propellers, 480 built.
  • AC-119G Shadow : C-119G modified as gunships, 26 conversions.
  • YC-119H : Re-designed version with extended wing and modified tail surface, one converted from a C-119C.
  • C-119J : C-119F and G converted with a modified rear fuselage, 62 conversions.
  • EC-119J : Conversions for satellite tracking.
  • MC-119J : Used for : aircraft equipped for medical evacuation role.
  • RC-119 Reconnaissance aircraft used by the Vietnameses Air Force
  • YC-119K : One C-119G modified with two General Electric J85 turbojets in underwing pods.
  • C-119K : Five C-119Gs modified as YC-119K.
  • AC-119K Stinger : C-119G modified to C-119K standard as gunships, 26 conversions.
  • C-119L : Modified variant of the C-119Gs, 22 conversions.
  • XC-120 Packplane : One C-119B converted with removable cargo pod.
  • C-128 : Initially used designation for YC-119D and YC-119E variant.
  • R4Q-1 : United States Navy & United States Marine Corps version of the C-119C, 39 built.
  • R4Q-2 : United States Navy and United States Marine Corps version of the C-119F, later re-designated C-119F, 58 built.

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This text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License
Source : Article Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcar of Wikipedia ( authors )

Specifications (C-119)

  • Crew : 5.
  • Capacity : 62 troops or 35 stretchers.
  • Length : 86 ft 6 in (or 26.37 m).
  • Height : 26 ft 6 in (or 8 m).
  • Wingspan : 109 ft 3 in (or 33.30 m).
  • Wing area : 1,447 ft² (or 134 m²).
  • Wing loading : 44 lb/ft² (or 216 kg/m²).
  • Empty weight : 40,000 lb (or 18,000 kg).
  • Loaded weight : 64,000 lb (or 29,000 kg).
  • Max. takeoff weight : 74,000 lb (or 34,000 kg).
  • Payload : 10,000 lb (or 4,500 kg).
  • Max. speed : 296 mph (or 257 knots, 450 km/h).
  • Range : 2,280 mi (or 1,980 nm, 3,670 km).
  • Service ceiling : 23,900 ft (or 7,290 m).
  • Rate of climb : 1,010 ft/min (or 5.1 m/s).
  • Powerplant : Two Pratt & Whitney R-4360-20 radial engines, 3,500 hp (or 2,611 kW each) each.
  • Alternate powerplant : Two Wright R-3350-85 "Cyclone" radials.
  • Power : 2,500 hp (or 1,900 kW) each.
  • Power/mass : 0.11 hp/lb (or 180 W/kg).

— — — = = — — —

This text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License
Source : Article Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcar of Wikipedia ( authors )
Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcar : Your comments on this subject
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