DHC-1 Chipmunk @·AIRCRAFTUBE

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    de Havilland Canada DHC-1 Chipmunk

de Havilland Canada DHC-1 Chipmunk

The de Havilland Canada DHC-1 Chipmunk is a tandem, two-seat, single-engined primary trainer aircraft which was the standard primary trainer for the Royal Canadian Air Force, Royal Air Force and several other air forces through much of the post-Second World War years. The de Havilland Chipmunk was the first true postwar aviation project of de Havilland Canada.

Design and development

Designed to succeed the de Havilland Tiger Moth biplane trainer, chief designer, Wsiewolod Jakimiuk, a famous Polish prewar engineer, created the first indigenous design of the de Havilland Aircraft of Canada Ltd. The Chipmunk was an all-metal, low wing, tandem two-place, single engine airplane with a conventional tail wheel landing gear. It had fabric-covered control surfaces and a clear plastic canopy covering the pilot and passenger/student positions. CF-DIO, the Chipmunk prototype, flew for the first time at Downsview, Toronto on 22 May 1946 with Pat Fillingham at the controls.The production versions of the airplane were powered by a 145 hp in-line de Havilland Gipsy Major "8" engine while the prototype was powered by a 108 kW (145 hp) de Havilland Gipsy Major 1C.

Two were evaluated by the Aeroplane and Armament Experimental Establishment at Boscombe Down. As a result, the fully-aerobatic Chipmunk was ordered as an ab initio trainer for the Royal Air Force (Prince Philip took his first flying lesson in one in 1952). The Royal Canadian Air Force also adopted the Chipmunk as their primary trainer.

British-built and early Canadian-built Chipmunks are notably different from the later Canadian-built RCAF/Lebanese versions. The later Canadian-built airplanes have a bubble canopy, while early Canadian, and all Portuguese and British examples have the multi-panelled sliding canopy, the rearmost panels of which are "bubbled" out for better instructor visibility.

From the 1950s onward, the Chipmunk also became a popular civilian aircraft, being used for training, aerobatics and crop spraying. Most civilian aircraft were ex-military.

Operational history

The RAF received 735 Chipmunks manufactured in the UK. They initially served with Reserve Flying Squadrons (RFS) of the RAF Volunteer Reserve (VR) as well as the University Air Squadrons. A few Chipmunks were pressed into service in Cyprus on internal security flights during the troubles of 1958, and some were used for covert reconnaissance operating out of Berlin. They were still in service for ATC Air Experience Flights until 1996 when they were replaced by the Bulldog (itself replaced by the Grob Tutor in 1999-2001). The last Chipmunks in military service are operated by the British historic flights - the RAF Battle of Britain Memorial Flight, the Royal Navy and Army historic flights to keep its pilots current on tailwheel aircraft for flying displays in the UK.

Production

Downsview built 217 Chipmunks, the last in 1956. A total of 1,000 were built in Britain initially at Hatfield Aerodrome and then later at Hawarden Aerodrome. A further 66 Chipmunks were licence-manufactured by OGMA (Oficinas Gerais de Material Aeronáutico, at Alverca) from 1955 to 1961 in Portugal for the Portuguese Air Force.

Super Chipmunk

One of the most famous civilian Chipmunks was the US-based "Super Chipmunk," a highly-modified air show performer. Along with an uprated engine, the aircraft underwent an extensive makeover including clipping its wings, adding retractable landing gear, conversion to a single-seat layout, adding an autopilot and was fitted with a red, white and blue wingtip and tail smoke system. The control stick received a three-inch extension for greater control during extreme aerobatic maneuvers. For over 25 years, the Super Chipmunk in its distinctive bright color scheme of blue stars and sunburst effect, was legendary stunt pilot Art Scholl's personal ride - used to perform a unique and breathtaking aerial routine that culminated in his signature move, the "Inverted Ribbon Pickup." Three Super Chipmunk conversions were made, Scholl's N13A and N13Y and Harold Krier's N6311V. Another more recent "Super Chipmunk" was converted by air show performer, Jim "Fang" Maroney who similarily modified an ex-RCAF example by strengthening the airframe, replacing the original 145 HP engine with a 260 HP version incorporating an inverted fuel and oil system, clipping three feet off the wings and adding 30% more rudder and 10% more elevator. A spatted landing gear was retained.

Variants

Canadian-built

  • DHC-1A-1 (Chipmunk T.1) : Powered by de Havilland Gipsy Major 1C engine, only partially aerobatic.
  • DHC-1A-2 : Powered by de Havilland Gipsy Major 10 engine, only partially aerobatic.
  • DHC-1B-1 : Powered by de Havilland Gipsy Major 1C engine, fully aerobatic.
  • DHC-1B-2 : Powered by de Havilland Gipsy Major 10 engine, fully aerobatic.
  • DHC-1B-2-S1 : Powered by de Havilland Gipsy Major 10 for Royal Egyptian Air Force.
  • DHC-1B-2-S2 : Powered by de Havilland Gipsy Major 10 for Royal Thai Air Force.
  • DHC-1B-2-S3 (Chipmunk T.2) : Powered by de Havilland Gipsy Major 10 for RCAF refresher training operated by Royal Canadian Flying Clubs.
  • DHC-1B-2-S4 : Version for Chile
    • DHC-1B-2-S5 (Chipmunk T.2) : Built for Royal Canadian Air Force.

British-built

  • Chipmunk T.10 : de Havilland Gipsy Major 8 engined version for the Royal Air Force, 735 built.
  • Chipmunk Mk.20 : Military export version of T.10 powered by de Havilland Gipsy Major 10 Series 2 engine, 217 built.
  • Chipmunk Mk.21 : Civil export version of Mk.20 but fitted to civil standards, 28 built.
  • Chipmunk Mk.22 : T.10 converted for civilian use, powered by de Havilland Gipsy Major 10 Series 2 engine.
  • Chipmunk Mk.22A : Mk.22 with fuel tankage increased to 12-gallons.
    • Chipmunk Mk.23 : Two converted T.10s powered by de Havilland Gipsy Major 10 Series 2 engine and with agricultural spray equipment.

Portuguese-built

  • Chipmunk T.20 : Military version powered by de Havilland Gipsy Major 10 Series 2 (145 hp) engine, 66 built.

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This text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License
Source : Article De Havilland Canada DHC-1 Chipmunk of Wikipedia ( authors )

Specifications of the DHC-1 Chipmunk :

  • Crew : 2, student & instructor.
  • Length : 25 ft 5 in (or 7.75 m).
  • Wingspan : 34 ft 4 in (or 10.47 m).
  • Height : 7 ft (or 2.1 m).
  • Wing area : 172 ft² (or 16 m²).
  • Wing loading : 11,700 lb/ft² (or 5,780 kg/m²).
  • Empty weight : 1,517 lb (or 646 kg).
  • Loaded weight : 2,014 lb (or 953 kg).
  • Max takeoff weight : 2,200 lb (or 1,000 kg).
  • Maximum speed : 138 mph (or 222 km/h).
  • Cruise speed : 104 mph (or 90 kts or 167 km/h).
  • Range : 225 nm (or 445 km).
  • Service ceiling : 15,800 ft (or 5,200 m).
  • Rate of climb : 900 ft/min (or 270 m/min).
  • Power/mass : 13,889 hp/lb (or 8,824 kW/kg).
  • Powerplant : A de Havilland Gipsy Major 1C piston engine.
  • Power : 145 hp (or 108 kW).

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