(SPAD) S.XI & S.XVI @·AIRCRAFTUBE

  • A Belgian SPAD XI in late 1918 (Max Roland and Albert Gisseleire) A Belgian SPAD XI in late 1918 (Max Roland and Albert Gisseleire)
    A Belgian SPAD XI in late 1918 (Max Roland and Albert Gisseleire)
  • SPAD XVI at the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center, near Washington SPAD XVI at the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center, near Washington
    SPAD XVI at the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center, near Washington
  • SPAD XI SPAD XI
    SPAD XI
  • SPAD XVI SPAD XVI
    SPAD XVI
  • SPAD XI A2 of the 12th Aero Squadron SPAD XI A2 of the 12th Aero Squadron
    SPAD XI A2 of the 12th Aero Squadron
  • SPAD XVI SPAD XVI
    SPAD XVI
  • SPAD XI A2 of the Aviation Militaire Belge in 1918 SPAD XI A2 of the Aviation Militaire Belge in 1918
    SPAD XI A2 of the Aviation Militaire Belge in 1918
  • SPAD XI A2 of Nr 4 Escadrille d'Observation "Zebra"<br>of the Aviation Militaire Belge immediately after WW.I SPAD XI A2 of Nr 4 Escadrille d'Observation "Zebra"<br>of the Aviation Militaire Belge immediately after WW.I
    SPAD XI A2 of Nr 4 Escadrille d'Observation "Zebra"
    of the Aviation Militaire Belge immediately after WW.I
  • SPAD XI of the SPAbi 54 Escadrille in 1918 SPAD XI of the SPAbi 54 Escadrille in 1918
    SPAD XI of the SPAbi 54 Escadrille in 1918
  • SPAD XI of Escadrille 50 in January 1918 SPAD XI of Escadrille 50 in January 1918
    SPAD XI of Escadrille 50 in January 1918
  • SPAD XI of Escadrille SPA 49 captured by the Germans in 1918 SPAD XI of Escadrille SPA 49 captured by the Germans in 1918
    SPAD XI of Escadrille SPA 49 captured by the Germans in 1918
  • The only SPAD XI that was fitted with a searchlight The only SPAD XI that was fitted with a searchlight
    The only SPAD XI that was fitted with a searchlight
  • SPAD XI of Nr 4 Squadron "Zebra" on Wilrijk airfield (Belgium) in July 1920 SPAD XI of Nr 4 Squadron "Zebra" on Wilrijk airfield (Belgium) in July 1920
    SPAD XI of Nr 4 Squadron "Zebra" on Wilrijk airfield (Belgium) in July 1920
  • SPAD S.XVI SPAD S.XVI
    SPAD S.XVI
  • A SPAD XI over Argone Forest and French trenches in 1918 A SPAD XI over Argone Forest and French trenches in 1918
    A SPAD XI over Argone Forest and French trenches in 1918
  • SPAD XI of Nr 4 Squadron "Zebra" of 1st Group at Goetsenhoven<br>(Belgium - Pilot Maurice Joos and observer Degroene) SPAD XI of Nr 4 Squadron "Zebra" of 1st Group at Goetsenhoven<br>(Belgium - Pilot Maurice Joos and observer Degroene)
    SPAD XI of Nr 4 Squadron "Zebra" of 1st Group at Goetsenhoven
    (Belgium - Pilot Maurice Joos and observer Degroene)
  • SPAD XI (Rondeau and Mesmaekers) SPAD XI (Rondeau and Mesmaekers)
    SPAD XI (Rondeau and Mesmaekers)
  • A SPAD XI of SPA 102 A SPAD XI of SPA 102
    A SPAD XI of SPA 102
  • SPAD XI SPAD XI
    SPAD XI
  • SPAD XVI at the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center, near Washington SPAD XVI at the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center, near Washington
    SPAD XVI at the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center, near Washington
  • SPAD XVI SPAD XVI
    SPAD XVI
  • Belgian SPAD XI A2 of Observation Squadron Nr.4 Belgian SPAD XI A2 of Observation Squadron Nr.4
    Belgian SPAD XI A2 of Observation Squadron Nr.4
  • SPAD XI of Escadrille SPA 49 captured by the Germans in 1918 SPAD XI of Escadrille SPA 49 captured by the Germans in 1918
    SPAD XI of Escadrille SPA 49 captured by the Germans in 1918
  • SPAD XI A2 (Sp16 "Zebra") SPAD XI A2 (Sp16 "Zebra")
    SPAD XI A2 (Sp16 "Zebra")

SPAD S.XI

The SPAD S.XI (or SPAD 11) was a French two-seat biplane reconnaissance aircraft of the First World War. The SPAD 11 was the work of Louis Béchereau, chief designer of the Société Pour L'Aviation et ses Dérivés (SPAD), who also designed the highly successful SPAD 7 and SPAD 13 single-seat fighter aircraft. It was developed under military specification C2, which called for a two-seat fighter aircraft. As a result of its failure to meet the levels of performance and agility demanded by the C2 specification, the SPAD 11 was used, along with the more successful Salmson 2 and Breguet 14, to replace aging Sopwith 1½ Strutter and Dorand AR reconnaissance aircraft. Persistent problems with the SPAD 11 led to its early replacement by the SPAD S.XVI (or SPAD 16) variant.

The SPAD 11 had some resemblance to Béchereau's single-seat fighters and employed much the same method of simple construction. Longer and heavier than the fighters, the SPAD 11's lower wings were designed with cut-outs to improve the observer's view of the ground. The aircraft was armed with a single 0.303-inch (7.7 mm) Vickers machine gun firing forward and a single Lewis machine gun of the same calibre on a flexible mount for the observer. Testing of the SPAD 11 showed a poor performance, said to be little better than that of the SPAD S.A of 1915 and it was rejected as a C.2 class fighter aircraft, being reclassified as an A.2 reconnaissance aircraft.

Further problems were encountered with the SPAD 11's Hispano-Suiza 8B engine. Some aircraft were fitted with a 12-cylinder Renault engine, but this lowered the aircraft's poor performance yet more. Handling problems were encountered, including tail-heaviness, making the aircraft tiring to fly, and a propensity to stall. In spite of these flaws, the SPAD was still superior to the Sopwiths and Dorands, and 12 squadrons were fully equipped with SPAD 11s. Some 1,000 SPAD 11s were built, most of which were out of service by the autumn of 1918, generally replaced by the SPAD S.XVI.

Three Belgian squadrons used the SPAD 11 and two from the United States. The SPAD 11 was unpopular in American service, as in French, and so much so that one of the two squadrons issued with SPADs replaced them with Sopwith 1½ Strutters. Uruguay purchased a small number of aircraft after the war and some examples are known to have been used by Russia and Japan.

A single SPAD 11 was modified as a night-fighter, fitted with a searchlight on a framework mounted ahead of the propellor, under the Cn2 specification.

SPAD S.XVI

The SPAD 16 was a development of the SPAD 11. Essentially a SPAD 11 with a Lorraine-Dietrich engine of 240 bhp, or 250 bhp according to some sources. The new engine, while more powerful, resulted in a heavier aircraft and performance was slightly inferior to the SPAD 11. The original handling problems were largely unresolved.

The SPAD 16 arrived at the front line around the end of 1917. It equipped 27 French squadrons and 305 two-seater SPADs, mainly SPAD 16s, were in service with French reconnaissance squadrons at the armistice, as opposed to 530 Salmson and 645 Breguet reconnaissance aircraft. The SPAD 16 served with five post-war French squadrons.

Six SPAD 16s were bought by the United States. One of these, flown by Billy Mitchell, is preserved at the National Air and Space Museum. He personally flew reconnaissance missions in it when the Second Battle of the Marne started in the Château-Thierry sector, in July 1918.

The exact number of SPAD 16s built is uncertain but was probably around 1,000.

Operators

  • Belgium : Belgian Air Force.
  • France : French Air Force.
  • Japan : Imperial Japanese Army Air Service.
  • Kingdom of Italy : Corpo Aeronautico Militare.
  • Russia / Soviet Union :
    • Imperial Russian Air Force.
    • Soviet Air Force - Postwar.
  • Uruguay : Uruguayan Air Force.
  • United States : American Expeditionary Force.

— — — = = — — —

This text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License
Source : Article SPAD S.XI of Wikipedia ( authors )

SPAD S.XI

  • Role : Reconnaissance aircraft.
  • Manufacturer : SPAD.
  • Designer : Louis Béchereau.
  • Primary users :
    • Aéronautique Militaire.
    • Red Army.
  • Number built : 1,000.

    • Specifications (SPAD S.XI A.2)

  • Crew : 2.
  • Length : 7.84 m (25 ft 9 in).
  • Height : 2.80 m (9 ft 2 in).
  • Wingspan : 11.21 m (36 ft 9 in).
  • Wing area : 30.00 m² (322.9 sq ft).
  • Empty weight : 679 kg (1,497 lb).
  • Gross weight : 1,035 kg (2,282 lb).
  • Maximum speed : 180 km/h (112 mph; 97 kts).
  • Endurance : 2.25 hr.
  • Service ceiling : 7,000 m (22,966 ft).
  • Time to altitude : 3,000 m (9,850 ft) in 12.6 min.
  • Powerplant : One Hispano-Suiza 8Bc water-cooled V-8 engine.
  • Power : 160 kW (220 hp).
  • Armament : One fixed forward firing Vickers machine gun and One flexibly mounted Lewis gun in rear cockpit.

— — — = = — — —

This text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License
Source : Article SPAD S.XI of Wikipedia ( authors )
SPAD S.XI & S.XVI : Your comments on this subject
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